Curricular Unit:			Code:
Toxicology and Toxicological Analysis II			843TAT2
Year:	Level:	Course:	Credits:
3	Master	Pharmaceutical Sciences	6 ects
Learning Period:		Language of Instruction:	Total Hours:
Spring Semester		Portuguese/English	78
Learning Outcomes of the Curricular Unit:
The objective of this discipline is the study of the effects and mechanisms of toxicity of xenobiotics. Students will learn the importance of the usefulness of laboratory analysis in Toxicology and will integrate and apply, in their future professional activity, the knowledge here obtained. Students will know the toxic response at the subcellular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels, the toxicity observed in specific organs and tissues, and the toxic response associated with specific groups of chemical agents.
Syllabus:
Toxic Agents. I.Solvents and gases: Benzene, Dichloromethane, Chloroform, Carbon tetrachloride, Methanol, Ethanol, Carbon monoxide, Cyanides. II.Pesticides: Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, Carbamate, and Pyrethroid Insecticides, Herbicides, Fungicides, and Rodenticides. III.Metals: Mercury, Lead, Arsenic, Aluminium, Copper, and Iron. IV. Pharmaceutical drugs: Benzodiazepines, Barbiturics, Antidepressants, Opioids, Amphetamines, Salicylic compounds, and Paracetamol. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM). V. Drugs of abuse. Forensic Toxicology. Teratogenesis. Genetic toxicity. Chemical carcinogenesis. Toxicity assays. OCDE guidelines for testing of chemicals. Acute toxicity. Evaluation of repeat-dose toxicity assays. Mutagenicity assays. Reproductive toxicity assays. Cytogenetics assays. Carcinogenicity assays.
Demonstration of the Syllabus Coherence with the Curricular Unit's Objectives:
Coherence between the syllabus and objectives of this unit is reflected in the segmented and oriented acquisition of various concepts and specific areas of Toxicology application, by encouraging the development of the student's critical thinking and ability to apply the knowledge acquired for resolving toxicological issues. The request for practical nature activities helps to fulfill the established objectives.
Teaching Methodologies (Including Evaluation):
Form of educational performance: (i) presentation and discussion of relevant theoretical concepts in the classroom, (ii) brainstorming on pertinent issues related to the matter exposed in the classroom, (iii) self-study orientation of students by consulting annotated bibliography, and (iv) presentation and discussion of case studies to reinforce the given theoretical knowledge. The assessment is continuous and consists of two written tests (60% of the final grade) and an optional seminar in the theoretical part and of two written tests (32%), an oral presentation of protocol (4%), and student performance (4%) in the laboratory component.
Demonstration of the Coherence between the Teaching Methodologies and the Learning Outcomes:
The teaching methodologies are consistent with the objectives of the unit as they seek to provide students with knowledge related to fundamental concepts in Toxicology with regard to its scope, objectives, and appropriate analysis of potentially toxic compounds. With the resolution of practical cases, it is intended that students develop critical thinking and reflective skills to acquire and upgrade and progress in science and its practical application. In addition to the essential reading listed herewith, each topic will be accompanied by specifically recommended readings in order to engage in a debate and discussion enabling a throughout comprehension of the matters and formation of a critical approach.
Reading:
Klaassen C.D., John B. Watkins I.I.I.P.D. (2021). Casarett & Doull's Essentials of Toxicology, 4th Ed, McGraw-Hill Education. Toxicologia Fundamental. Dinis-Oliveira R.J., Carvalho F.D., Bastos M.L. (Eds). Lidel, 2018. Barile F.A. (2019). Barile’s Clinical Toxicology: Principles and Mechanisms: CRC Press. Woolley D., Woolley A. (2017). Practical Toxicology: Evaluation, Prediction, and Risk, 3rd Ed, CRC Press. Medical Toxicology. Dart R. (Ed.), 3rd Ed, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, USA, 2004. Goldfrank´s Toxicologic Emergencies. Nelson L.S. et al. (Eds), 11th Ed, McGraw-Hill, USA, 2019. Toxicologia Forense. Dinis-Oliveira R.J., Carvalho F.D., Bastos M.L. (Eds). Pactor, 2015. Cooper, G., & Negrusz, A. (2013). Clarke's Analytical Forensic Toxicology: Pharmaceutical Press. Levine B. S., & Kerrigan S. (2020). Principles of Forensic Toxicology: Springer International Publishing. Artigos científicos (originais e de revisão) selecionados sobre os temas tratados.